2010年6月7日 星期一
聯合國急迫呼籲,全球邁向無肉無奶飲食
聯合國急迫呼籲,全球邁向無肉無奶飲食
Lesser consumption of animal products is necessary to save the world from the worst impacts of climate change, UN report says.
聯合國的報告表示,我們必需減少食用動物性產品。才能讓世界免於遭受氣候變遷的嚴重衝擊。
An cattle ranch in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The UN says agriculture is on a par with fossil fuel consumption because
both rise rapidly with increased economic growth. Photograph: HO/Reuters
一個位於巴西 Mato Grosso 養牛的牧場。聯合國表示農牧業跟燃燒石化燃料的危害一樣大,因為這兩項的消耗都伴隨著經濟成長而快速增加。
相片來源 : 路透社˙何
A global shift towards a vegan diet is vital to save the world from hunger, fuel poverty and the worst impacts of climate change, a UN report said today. 根據聯合國今天發表的報告: 為了拯救地球免於飢餓、家庭取暖燃料匱乏、及氣候變遷所帶來最嚴重的影響,全球改採純素飲食( vegan)至關重要。
As the global population surges towards a predicted 9.1 billion people by 2050, western tastes for diets rich in meat and dairy products are unsustainable, says the report from United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) international panel of sustainable resource management.
聯合國環境規劃署(UNPE),永續資源管理跨國專家委員會發表報告:全球的人口預估將於2050年前成長為91億,而嗜食大量肉類奶類的西方飲食,是無法讓地球永續生存的飲食習慣。
It says: "Impacts from agriculture are expected to increase substantially due to population growth increasing consumption of animal products. Unlike fossil fuels, it is difficult to look for alternatives: people have to eat. A substantial reduction of impacts would only be possible with a substantial worldwide diet change, away from animal products."
這項報告表示:"人口增加帶來越來越多的肉食消費,而農牧業對環境帶來的衝擊,預料將大幅地增加。不像石化燃料,農牧業不容易有替代方案:人都得吃東西。所以,如果要減輕農牧業對環境帶來的衝擊,唯一可行的辦法,只有靠全世界大規模的飲食改變,不吃動物產品。"
Professor Edgar Hertwich, the lead author of the report, said: "Animal products cause more damage than [producing] construction minerals such as sand or cement, plastics or metals. Biomass and crops for animals are as damaging as [burning] fossil fuels."
愛德格‧赫 衛區 教授是這份報告的主要作者,他表示:生產動物性產品對環境造成的傷害,比生產建築材料,像砂子、水泥、塑膠跟金屬等都來的大。生產生質物還有穀物來餵養動物,跟燃燒石化燃料一樣危害劇烈。
The recommendation follows advice last year that a vegetarian diet was better for the planet from Lord Nicholas Stern, former adviser to the Labour government on the economics of climate change. Dr Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), has also urged people to observe one meat-free day a week to curb carbon emissions.
聯合國報告的這項建議,也呼應了去年史登爵士所提出的忠告,史登爵士是前英國工黨的氣候變遷經濟顧問。他呼籲大家蔬食是對地球比較友善的飲食,聯合國跨政府氣候變遷小組的主席,帕 卓理 博士也大聲疾呼,要採行一週一素來抑制排碳。
The panel of experts ranked products, resources, economic activities and transport according to their environmental impacts. Agriculture was on a par with fossil fuel consumption because both rise rapidly with increased economicgrowth, they said.
委員會的專家分別將產品、資源、經濟活動、交通運輸等對環境造成的衝擊,排序其嚴重性,其中,農牧業跟燃燒石化燃料的危害一樣大,因為這兩項的消耗都伴隨著經濟成長而快速增加。
Ernst von Weizsaecker, an environmental scientist who co-chaired the panel, said: "Rising affluence is triggering a shift in diets towards meat and dairy products - livestock now consumes much of the world's crops and by inference a great deal of freshwater, fertilisers and pesticides."
委員會的另一位主席,也是環境科學家的魏茨澤克說:越來越富裕的生活誘使人類吃更多的肉、乳製品。豢養的家畜消耗了世界大部分的穀物糧食、淡水資源、也用了大量的化學肥料、以及殺蟲劑。
Both energy and agriculture need to be "decoupled" from economic growth because environmental impacts rise roughly 80% with a doubling of income, the report found.
經濟成長必須 "扣除" 能源以及農業部門,因為在國民所得加倍的同時,這兩種產業造成的環境衝擊也會上升約80%。
Achim Steiner, the UN under-secretary general and executive director of the UNEP, said: "Decoupling growth from environmental degradation is the number one challenge facing governments in a world of rising numbers of people, rising incomes, rising consumption demands and the persistent challenge of poverty alleviation." ;
聯合國副秘書長,同時也是聯合國環境規劃署執行長的Achim Steiner說 "世界人口不斷增加、所得不斷提高、資源消耗越來越大、我們還得持續努力消弭貧窮。在這種世界局勢之下,各國政府的最大挑戰,就是得將經濟成長扣除環境破壞所帶來的成本。"
The panel, which drew on numerous studies including the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, cites the following pressures on the environment as priorities for governments around the world: climate change, habitat change, wasteful use of nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilisers, over-exploitation of fisheries, forests and other resources, invasive species, unsafe drinking water and sanitation, lead exposure, urban air pollution and occupational exposure to particulate matter. ;
委員會也引用 了包括千禧年生態系統評估 (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) 在內的各種報告,列舉以下各項環境議題,供各國政府施政的優先重點。氣候變遷、棲地變遷、肥料裡過度添加氮磷元素、漁業濫捕、林業以及其他資源的過度開 採、物種入侵、不安全的飲水及衛生問題、鉛暴露、城市空氣污染、職業場所污染。
Agriculture, particularly meat and dairy products, accounts for 70% of global freshwater consumption, 38% of the total land use and 19% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, says the report, which has been launched to coincide with UN World Environment day on Saturday.
報告指出,農業生產,特別是肉類及乳製品,消耗全世界70%的淡水資源、38%的土地資源、排放全球19%的溫室氣體。這項報告於禮拜六,在聯合國世界環境日同時發表。
Last year the UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation said that food production would have to increase globally by 70% by 2050 to feed the world's surging population. The panel says that efficiency gains in agriculture will be overwhelmed by the expected population growth.
去年聯合國糧農組織(FAO)預估,為了餵養不斷增加的世界人口,全球糧食生產必須在2050年之前提高70%。委員會還表示,農業生產效率的提升,完全不足以應付預期的人口成長。
Prof Hertwich, who is also the director of the industrial ecology programme at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, said that developing countries – where much of this population growth will take place – must not follow the western world's pattern of increasing consumption: "Developing countries should not follow our model. But it's up to us to develop the technologies in, say, renewable energy or irrigation methods."
任職於挪威科學與科技大學,主持工業生態研究所的Hertwich教授表示,大部分的人口成長將集中於開發中國家,他們不能再跟隨西方國家的發展模式,不斷增加消費。他還說:他們不應再跟隨我們的模式,而我們得發展新的科技,例如再生能源、或是新的灌溉方法。
新聞出處 : http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jun/02/un-report-meat-free-diet
Wednesday 2 June 2010 18.09 BST
2010年6月6日 星期日
一的法則
「一」,它就是無生!換句話說,無生無滅就是「一」,又稱為「一相」,而佛法中對一相的定義,則是「一相無相」,因為它「無生」,所以「無生義理」這個認知也仍是「一」,它也不存在,所以「一相無相」!千萬不要再有「一相無相」的存心,否則它又成了「一相」。也就是「無亦須無,無無亦無,乃至不可說、不可思議」,如此轉心,再產生的就是「智」,稱為「轉識成智」,此時的生滅,皆是智的生滅自在之運用,不再是「識」的不自在生滅運用,「一」的禍患才真正消滅。指這才是一的真正意義。
知「一」的意義後,怎樣才能合一呢?
而眾生,因為「顛倒」,於是執此顛倒為真,而實際卻墮入「妄」中,自以為失去了「一」,所以有了二三跟著出現,若自了知從未曾與「一」相離,能恆常不再貪愛所有感官所接觸的外境(恒與定俱),那就已經是合一,除此之外,再沒有什麼一可以去合了!
一的法則,若「一」指的是法身的意思,它並沒有產生宇宙與所有生命!但考察新時代的靈訊,卻常說這個「一、上帝、造物主」,它要經驗自己的存在,所以就產生了宇宙與生命, 若是從這個方向來定義,所謂新時代的「一」,就是佛法中所說的「妄、業」,而不是「真如、法身、如來藏」的意思。這種妄業的狀況,若去合它,那可就是給自 己造下輪迴的業因了!
佛法修行人呀,要仔細小心一些「似是而非」的說法,不要被它所迷惑了!
以上,是個人研究新時代學說後的心得,普願見聞者得法味!
法迄巴 合十
2010年6月2日 星期三
解脫新時代「光與愛」的束縛
其實,這個行為無論是正義還是邪惡,它都代表「妄」的「業力」,妄就是變化!心中一動無論善惡都造業了,所以地藏經說:「我觀是閻浮眾生,舉心動念,無非是罪。」(註一)
新時代的光與愛運動狀況,如同善人勸人行善,行善固佳也有善報,但受完善報之後呢?接著就是輪到受惡報!是以了知行善雖得一時喜樂,卻不能解脫輪迴,智者善知此事,行事無論善惡,恒不動心,以斷貪愛!
須知,真正的愛在正向是無緣大慈大悲而不是欲愛,在反向是無限寬恕忍耐而不是嗔恨。若心有所偏,則愛之將欲其生,惡之將欲其死,如此的愛又怎能免除反作用力的惡產生呢?所以,修行人別讓新時代幾句口號就迷了您的智慧!
有緣人,您能看到此篇文章,代表您與修行超脫善惡、超脫貪愛、超脫輪迴有緣!別忘了,行住坐臥都要具智!
以上,普願見聞者得法味!
法迄巴 合十
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註一
*********
No.0412 地藏菩薩本願經卷下 T13,0783c28
爾 時,地藏菩薩摩訶薩白佛言:「世尊!我觀是閻浮眾生,舉心動念,無非是罪。脫獲善利,多退初心;若遇惡緣,念念增益。是等輩人,如履泥塗,負於重石,漸困 漸重,足步深邃。若得遇知識,替與減負,或全與負,是知識有大力故,復相扶助,勸令牢脚,若達平地,須省惡路,無再經歷。」
2010年5月30日 星期日
清單 - 與神對話
自稱為2000年前耶穌的基督‧麥寇(CM,Christ Michael),或名為 Aton, Hatonn,他說釋迦牟尼佛是這部《與神對話》的作者。我粗略的翻了一下,還真是被它給震驚了!初步的判斷這可能是真的!
引用《與神對話》中的話:「所謂悟道,就是悟到無處可去,無事可做」
基督‧麥寇的說法在這裡:中文,英文原文
◆ 線上閱讀 (將以下網址複製,並直接貼在網址列)
《與神對話》簡體在線閱讀
與神對話1
與神對話2
與神對話3
回歸神
《與神對話》原作者新著作
與神合一
與神為友
比神更快樂
神之所欲
明日之神
荷光者
神聖經驗(未譯完)
◆ 下載
http://www.odream.net/viewthread.php?tid=26747
◆ 與神對話線上電影
http://www.odream.net/viewthread.php?tid=26747
電影官網:http://www.cwgthemovie.com/main.html
2010年5月29日 星期六
無色界是否還在意識境界?及識的相關疑問!
問:
無色界是否還在意識境界?換句話說,意識是否通三界?
七轉識中以意識最為重要,造業主要由它。只要意識滅,七轉識
即滅,七轉識既滅,阿賴耶識亦滅,因為心意識是連體嬰,都是
無明熏本心而來,不會涅槃了還獨留阿賴耶識。
法迄巴答:
1、佛及六地(含)以上果地菩薩並不滅識,只是轉識成智
2、七轉識滅,阿賴耶識亦不滅,所云滅者,只滅其業相,不滅其
真相。若阿賴耶識能滅,則不異外道論說。
3、滅識者有二,一是定性二乘人,一是無想定外道。前者真滅至
第七識,後者暫伏,壽五百大劫,前半劫徐伏意識,後半劫又
生。
4、無色界中仍有覺知。滅識入涅槃或轉識成智,都不是這個境界
能執行、能達到。
5、意為意根,又名末那,功用能了知。意識,功用能分別。此二
是手之二面,沒有獨存的狀況,所以,當不分別時,就在了知
之中,此了知如武術家之直覺,遇危險就直接反應,不經過大
腦。
這個直覺,也相當於習氣,所以古德要修行人養成淨習,就在
這緣故。
修行人為何要先「明心見性」呢?因為這樣才可以養成淨習,
不必再思惟、分別要怎麼做才是恰當,而是直接依所養成淨習
直接的反應。
在無色界中,或在禪定中,都是依此淨習而直接捨離前境,而
逐次深入三昧,乃至斷惑。
若要瞭解怎樣不分別,而能無所住、無慾,那就是「捨」,『
一切莫執,捨亦捨,這樣才能生般若』,若於捨心執著,在四
禪時,將不能斷惑,而轉入無色界。此中微細處,大修行人不
可不察!欲知經文說明,請參考註一此處楞嚴經文。
6、出非想非非想定,證阿羅漢的方式
非想,又名非有想,是指緣起性空,所以是非有想。非非想,
又名非無想,是指三界因緣和合而有,所以是非無想。
出此定的方式,就是無慾!有想生,無慾、無所住;不生想,
當下如如亦是無慾、無所住。
心無所行,雖未真斷無明、妄,卻已不再受三界業力所驅而輪
迴。
結語:
若論修行,仔細的觀察,從初修行至解脫三界,乃至入菩薩第
八不動地,都跟什麼有關係?跟「心念」有關。
呼吸的作用至初禪外呼吸就停止,至四禪內呼吸也停止,所以
依靠呼吸用功就只能到四禪,此後須轉折(指俱解脫而言,不
指慧解脫)。
若依心念用功,則可至菩薩第八地。欲再進階,也仍需再轉折
,以第八地已無心念之故。
那,有什麼功夫可以從凡夫至成佛都不必轉折的呢?其實在佛
經處處都有談到此事,只是吾人是否能「悟佛知見」罷了。其
中最常被提起的三部經就是圓覺經、楞嚴經、六祖壇經。
例如六祖壇經說「無念」。楞嚴經說「狂心止歇,歇即菩提」
。圓覺經說「居一切時。不起妄念。於諸妄心。亦不息滅。住
妄想境。不加了知。於無了知。不辨真實。」
若依我的說法,只要先具有二個條件就行了。一是悟無生。二
是無慾。依於無慾故,則無圓覺四病:不止(不生妄)、不作
(生妄時不接續)、不任(生妄時須知)、不滅(無受想亦不
入寂滅)。
欲知其它細節,請參考「 安那般那之用法 」
以上,普願見聞者得法味!
法迄巴 合十
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註一
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No. 945 大佛頂如來密因修證了義諸菩薩萬行首楞嚴經 (卷9) T19, p0146c
複次阿難從是有頂色邊際中。其間復有二種岐路。
若於捨心發明智慧。慧光圓通便出塵界。成阿羅漢入菩薩乘。如是一類名為迴心大阿羅漢。
若在捨心捨厭成就。覺身為礙銷礙入空。如是一類名為空處。
諸礙既銷無礙無滅。其中唯留阿賴耶識。全於末那半分微細。如是一類名為識處。
空色既亡識心都滅。十方寂然迥無攸往。如是一類名無所有處。
識性不動以滅窮研。於無盡中發宣盡性。如存不存若盡非盡。如是一類名為非想非非想處。
此等窮空不盡空理。從不還天聖道窮者。如是一類名不迴心鈍阿羅漢。
若從無想諸外道天窮空不歸。迷漏無聞。便入輪轉。
2010年5月28日 星期五
什麼是「信」?
所謂「信」,它是認知後的結果!
依所認知方式,就產生「迷信」、「智信」。
所謂迷信,就是事件未經過資料蒐集、分析、歸納、辨證等一系列科學方式或理性方式(對學文科的人適用)證明前就相信。簡言之:「人云亦云」。
所謂智信,恰巧與迷信相反!
但,有人問為何是智信,而結果仍是錯誤呢?這類事件常在類似腦筋急轉彎,或是被人誤導前提之下而發生。亦可能是自己的資料蒐集不齊、分析、歸納或辨證錯誤而導致的結果。對於這種結果,我仍認為是屬於「智」的行為,但對於這種依循正確方法,而卻導出錯誤結果的無奈狀況,我稱之為「誤信」!
我們應重視「方法論」!
因為,無論任何事,在最後的結果被證實前,誰也不能確定在當初所得到的結論「是正確的!」但由可稽的歷史資料、被證實的科學推論,都可以導出:「正確的方法,常可得到正確的結果」。所以,科學的進展、智慧的取得,在事件未被證實前,我們都只能信任所使用的方法才行。
2010年5月26日 星期三
我如何達到不行淫之目的?
1、我剛開始戒淫慾時,我「先立志不淫」,所以,雖然看到
裸女像、色情片,我可以不動心。
2、即便忍不住,小弟有了動作了(這是由眼睛的刺激直達深
層淫慾,而起的反應,並不是我起分別心而有淫慾心),
我也不會想淫慾。
3、到了心中有反應起了淫慾心時,我也不會想去行淫
4、已不行了,生理及心理都反應了,但我也仍不會去想行淫
5、最後,已到了真不行了,生理及心理都反應了,我也想要
行淫,但我還是堅持不去做。
從我「下決定」不行淫那一日開始,至今日,我即便看著
色情片,生理及心理再怎麼反應,我都沒有破這個戒!所以,
色情片對我而言,是磨練斷淫慾的利器。
(刀,本無善惡,就看吾人怎麼去用它了!色情片也是同樣道理)
這個斷淫慾的整個心理機制及斷法方式,可以參考「斷惑六支」
(或佛所說的三十七道品、四諦、十二因緣、六波羅蜜)
這個功夫我目前已能用熟了,目前的課題,就是令「心裡永
遠無淫慾心想」。若這課題經過若干日期能確定已成功之後,下
一步就是要斷貪嗔!直接入五地菩薩位。
2010年5月24日 星期一
垃圾DNA的新發現會讓人吃驚!
2009-06-25 22:46
author unknown
Abridged version
英文來源:http://www.gewo.applet.cz/health/DNA_1e.htm
中文來源:http://hi.baidu.com/james1/blog/item/3907f4002cbe188ee950cdf1.html
翻譯:蕭光航
一個致力於人類基因工程的研究小組很快將要宣佈一項讓人震驚的科學發現:他們相信在人類的DNA中存在的所謂「非代碼」基因序列(97%)即是一種地外生物形態的遺傳代碼。
The non-coding sequences are common to all living organisms on Earth, from molds to fish to humans. In human DNA, they constitute larger part of the total genome, says Prof. Sam Chang, the group leader. Non-coding sequences, also known as "junk DNA", were discovered years ago, and their function remains mystery. Unlike normal genes, which carry the information that intracellular machinery uses to synthesize proteins, enzymes and other chemicals produced by our bodies, non-coding sequences are never used for any purpose. They are never expressed, meaning that the information they carry is never read, no substance is synthesized and they have no function at all. We exist on only 3% of our DNA. The junk genes merely enjoy the ride with hard working active genes, passed from generation to generation. What are they? How come these idle genes are in our genome? Those were the question many cientists posed and failed to answer - until the breakthrough discovery by Prof. Sam Chang and his group.
從黴菌到魚類到人類,這組非代碼基因序列在所有地球生物組織中皆常可見。小組組長Sam Chang教授說,在人類的DNA中,它們(非代碼基因)在總的基因數中佔有更大的比例。
非代碼基因又稱作「垃圾DNA」,多年前即被發現,它們的功能仍然是個迷。它們不像正常的基因那樣載有合成蛋白、酶及其他人體產生的化學物的信息, 非代碼基因序列沒有任何使用目的。它們不作表述,就是說它們承載的信息無法讀取,也沒有合成物質,它們根本沒有任何功能。我們存在於我們3%的DNA之 中。垃圾DNA只是喜歡搭在活躍的功能性基因上面,一代代地往下傳承。它們是什麼?為什麼這些閒置的基因會在我們的基因組裡?這些問題不斷地被科學家們提 出來,卻無法找到答案--現在終於被Sam Chang教授和他的小組取得了突破。
Trying to understand the origins and meaning of junk DNA Prof. Chang realized that he first needs a definition of "junk". Is junk DNA really junk, (useless and meaningless) or it contains some information not claimed by the rest of DNA for whatever reason? He once mentioned the question to an acquaintance, Dr.Lipshutz, a young theoretical physicist turned Wall Street derivative securities specialist. "Easy," replied Lipshutz. "We'll run your sequence through thesoftware I use to analyze market data, and it will show if your sequences are total garbage, "white noise", or there is a message in there."
要想明白垃圾DNA的起源及意義,Chang教授覺得他首先需要一個對「垃圾」的定義。是否垃圾DNA真的就是垃圾(無用且無意義的),或者由於某種原因 它包含了其他DNA所不具有的信息?他的熟友Lipshutz博士是位年輕的理論物理學家,現在轉行在華爾街搞衍生證券,他跟他提到了這個問題。
「這好辦」Lipshutz說「我把你的基因序列用我那個市場數據分析軟件分析一下,馬上就知道你的那些序列是完全的垃圾,還是'白噪值(空值)'或者裡頭有什麼信息。」
Working evenings and weekends, Lipshutz managed to show that non-coding sequences are not all junk, they carry information".To my surprise, the entropy ofcoding and non-coding DNA sequences was not that different", continues Lipshutz. "There was noise in both but it was no junk at all. If the market data were that orderly, I would have already retired."
Lipshutz在晚上及週末進行測試,他得以證實了非代碼序列並不全是垃圾,它們是有承載信息的。
「讓我感到驚訝的是,代碼與非代碼的熵差距沒有那麼大」,Lipshutz說,「兩者都有空值,但絕不是垃圾。如果市場信息能像這樣整齊,我可能早得退休了。」
Eventually Prof. Chang was referred to Dr. Adnan Mussaelian, a talented cryptographer in the former Soviet republic of Armenia. Poor fellow barely survivedon a $15 a month salary and occasional fees for tutoring children of Armenian nuveau riches. A $10,000 research grant was a struck of luck, he began working like a beaver.
最後Chang教授找到了Adnan Mussaelian博士,他是前蘇聯共和國的天才編碼破譯員。可憐的傢伙現在靠一個月15塊美金的工資苟活,偶爾也給富家子弟上課賺點外塊。對他來說有一萬美金的研究經費是走了財運,他像一隻勤奮的海狸,開始賣力地工作。
Adnan promptly confirmed the findings of his Wall Street predecessor: The entropy indicated tons of information almost in the clear, it was not too strong cryptographic system, it didn't appear to be a tough problem. Adnan began applying differential cryptoanalysis and similar standard cryptographic techniques.
Adnan很快肯定了前面那位華爾街夥計的發現:代碼的熵顯示出的信息幾乎是清晰的,這不是什麼複雜的加密系統,不像是很難解決的問題。Adnan開始進行差異性密碼分析及執行相關的標準密碼分析技術。
He was two months in the project when he noticed that all non-coding sequences are usually preceded by one short DNA sequence. A very similar sequence usually followed the junk. These segments, known to biologists as alu sequences, were all over the whole human genome. Being non-coding, junk sequences themselves, alu are one of the most common genes of all.
他在這個項目上花了兩個月時間,這時他注意到所有非代碼序列都以一段短的DNA序列開頭,而在這些垃圾代碼的結尾也有類似的代碼。 這些部分,生物學家都知道是ALU序列,其遍佈於整個人類基因組之中。作為非代碼、垃圾序列本身,Alu序列是所有基因中最常見的。
Trained as a cryptographer and computer programmer, and having no knowledge of microbiology, Adnan approached the genetic code as of computer code. Just playing with the analogy Adnan grabbed the source code of one his programs and fed it into the program that calculates the statistics of symbols and short sequences, a tool often used in decoding messages. What was the most common symbol? Of course, it was "/", a symbol of comment! He took a Pascal code, and it were { and } ! Of course, the code between two slashes in C is never executed, and is never meant to be executed; it is not the code, it is the comment to the code!
Adnan受過的是密碼破譯員及電腦程序員的訓練,他沒有任何的微生物學知識,他把基因代碼當作電腦程序代碼來研究。在試著類推分析時Adnan將源碼放 入短序列符號統計程序中進行分析,這個分析工作常用來破解信息。最常見的符號是什麼?當然,它是「/」號,這是一個註釋的符號!在Pascal語言裡,這 個符號是{ 和 }!當然,在C語言裡,在兩個斜槓之間的代碼永遠不會被執行,也是永遠沒有要被執行的意思;它不是代碼,它是代碼的註釋!
Being unable to resist the temptation to further play with the analogy, Adnan began comparing statistical distributions of the comments in computer and genetic code. There must be a striking difference. This should show up in statistics. Nevertheless, statistically, junk DNA was not much different from active, coding sequences. To be sure, Adnan fed a program into the analyzer: surprisingly, the statistics of code and comments were almost the same. He looked into the source code and realized why: there were very few comments in between the slashes, it was mostly C code the author decided to exclude from execution, a common practice among programmers.
無法抵擋的誘惑使Adnan更進一步地進行類推,他開始比較電腦程序註釋與基因代碼之間的統計性狀的區別。這裡頭肯定有很大的不同。在統計的結果中應該會 顯現出來。然而,垃圾DNA與活躍的代碼序列沒有什麼不同。為了確定一下,Adnan在分析中加了一個程序:驚異的是,代碼與註釋的統計結果幾乎是一樣 的。他檢查了一下源代碼,明白了原由:在斜槓之間只有很少的註釋,將其排除在執行之外,這與C語言碼的程序員通常的做法差不多。
Adnan, religiously inclined person, was thinking about the divine hand - but after analyzing the spaghetti code inside the sequences he convinced himself that whoever wrote the small code was not God. Who wrote the active, small coding part of human genetic code was not very well organized, he was a rather sloppy programmer. It looked like rather somebody from Microsoft, but at the time human genetic code was written, there was no Microsoft on Earth.
Adnan是一個有宗教傾向的人,他想到了神的創造之手---但是當分析了序列內部的編碼之後,他覺得這段編碼不管是誰寫的,這肯定不是出於上帝之手。這 些人類基因的小段有效代碼寫得不是很工整,編寫得相當隨意,就像微軟某個人寫的一樣。只不過寫基因代碼時,地球上微軟還沒出世呢。
On Earth? It was like a lightning... Was the genetic code for all life on Earth written by an extraterrestrial programmer and then somehow deposited here, for execution? The idea was mad and frightening, and Adnan resisted it for days. Then he decided to proceed. If the non-coding sequences are parts of the program that were rejected or abandoned by the author, there is a way to make them work. The only thing one needs to do is to remove the symbols of comments and if the portion between the /*......*/ symbols is a meaningful routine it may compile and execute! He selected some 200 non-coding sequences that most closely resembled real genes, stripped them of /*, //, and similar stuff and after few days of hesitation sent e-mail to his American boss, asking him to find a way to put them in E-coli or whatever host and make them work.
地球上?這想法就像一道閃電劃過...是不是這些基因碼是地外文明的編寫者為所有生命形式所編寫,然後就以某種方式存放在這裡,以備執行?這種想法 真是又瘋狂又怕人,Adnan一連幾天使勁讓自己別這麼想。然後他決定繼續。如果非代碼序列是程序的一部分,且被作者放棄或丟棄,有一個方法可以使它們執 行。唯一要做的就是將註釋的符號去掉。如果在/*......*/中間的部分是有意義的,它將會被編譯並執行!他選擇了最類似基因的200組非代碼序列, 將它們類似/*,*/的去掉,猶豫了幾天後他發郵件給他的美國老闆,叫他想辦法將這組基因植入螺旋桿菌或其他的宿主,以便使代碼運行起來。
Biologists have attempted for years to make junk sequences express, without much success. Sometimes nothing turned out; sometimes it was junk again. It was not surprising. Grab an arbitrary portion of the excluded computer code and try to compile it. Most likely, it will fail. At best, it will produce bizarre results. Analyze the code carefully, fish out a whole function from the comments, and you may make it work. Because of careful Mussaelian's statistical analysis 4 of the 200 sequences he selected, began working, producing tiny amounts of a chemical compounds.
"I was anxiously awaiting the response from Chang," says Dr. Mussaelian. "Would it be a more or less normal protein or something out of ordinary? The answer was shocking: it was a substance, known to be produced by several types of leukemia in men and animals. Surprisingly, three other sequences also produced cancer-related chemicals. It no longer looked like a coincidence. When one awakens a viable dormant gene, it produces cancer-related proteins. Researchers began searching Human Genome Project databases for the four genes they isolated from junk DNA. Eventually, three of the four were found there, listed as active, non-junk genes. This was not a big surprise: since cancer tissues produce the protein, there must be somewhere a gene, which codes it! The surprise came later: In the active, non-junk portion of the code the gene in question (the researchers called it "jhlg1", for junk human leukemia gene) was not preceded by the alu sequence, i.e. the /* symbol was missing. However, the closing */ symbol at the end of "jhlg1" was there. This explained why "jhlg1" was not expressed in the depth of the junk DNA but worked fine in the normal, active part of the genome. The one who wrote the basic genetic code for humans excluded portion of the big code by embracing them in /*... */ but missed some of the opening /* symbol. His compiler seems to be garbage, too: a good compiler, even from terrestrial Microsoft, would most likely refuse to compile such program at all.
Prof. Sam Chang with his students began searching for genes associated with various cancers, and almost in all instances they discovered that those genes are followed by the alu sequence (i.e. protein as a comment closing symbol */), but never preceded by the comment opening /* gene! "This explains why diseases result in cell damage and their death, whereas cancers lead to cell reproduction and growth. Because only few fragments from the big code are expressed, they never lead to coherent growth. What we get with cancer, is expression of only few of genes alien to humans and symbiosis with some genes of bacterial parasites that lead to illogical, bizarre and apparently meaningless chunks of living cells. The chunks have its own veins, arteries, and its own immune system that vigorously resists all our anti-cancer drugs.
"Our hypothesis is that a higher extraterrestrial life form was engaged in creating new life and planting it on various planets. Earth is just one of them. Perhaps, after programming, our creators grow us the same way we grow bacteria in Petri dishes. We can't know their motives - whether it was a scientific experiment, or a way of preparing new planets for colonization, or is it long time ongoing business of seedling life in the universe. If we think about it in our human terms, the extraterrestrial programmers were most probably working on one big code consisting of several projects, and the projects should have produced various life forms for various planets. Very likely in a rush, the programmers cut down drastically the big code and delivered basic program intended for Earth. However, at that time they were (perhaps) not quite certain which functions of the big code may be needed later and which not, so they kept them all there. Instead of cleaning the basic program by deleting all the lines of the big code, they converted them into comments, and in the rush they missed few /* symbols in the comments here or there; thus presenting mankind with illogical growth of mass of cells we know as cancer."
There are three options to the problem. Either delete all the /* symbols and comments and clean this way the basic code, or add all the missing */ and avoid illogical mixing of the basic code with the big code. Alternatively, in the third option, remove all the / symbols and let work the basic code with the big code as a complete program. Unfortunately, none of these options are within our capacity. If we were able to efficiently insert genes into the chromosomes of living men, our breakthrough discovery would mean instant cure for all future cancer cases; at least from the programmer point of view. Theoretically, we can do it in a laboratory, but we have no practical means to implant the repaired DNA into living subjects. The mystery of "junk DNA" and cancer seems to be solved, but no quick cure shall be expected. The best thing we can do now is to try nourishing new, cancer-free line of humans with gradually debugged basic genetic code. That will take a long time. For us and our children, there is no hope on the horizon.
"However, from the programmer's point of view, there is also positive outlook in it. What we see in our DNA is a program consisting of two versions, a big code and basic code. First fact is, the complete program was positively not written on Earth; that is now a verified fact. The second fact is, that genes by themselves are not enough to explain evolution; there must be something more in the game. What it is or where it is, we don't kow. The third fact is, no creator of a new work, be it a composer, engineer or programmer, from Mars or Microsoft, will ever leave his work without the option for improvement or upgrade. Ingenious here is, that the upgrade is already enclosed - the "junk DNA" is nothing more than hidden and dormant upgrade of our basic code! We know for some time that certain cosmic rays have power to modify DNA. With this in mind, plausible solution is available. The extraterrestrial programmers may use just one flash of the right energy from somewhere in the Universe to instruct the basic code to remove all the /*…*/ symbols, fuse itself with the big code ("junk DNA") and jumpstart working of our whole DNA. That would change us forever, some of us within months, some of us within generations. The change would be not too much physical, (except no more cancers, diseases and short life), but it will catapult us intellectually. Suddenly, we will be in time comparable to coexistence of Neanderthals with Cromagnons. The old will be replaced giving birth to a new cycle. The complete program is elegant, very clever self-organizing, auto-executing, auto-developing and auto-correcting software for a highly advanced biological computer with build-in connection to the ageless energy and wisdom of the Universe. Software wise, within us is either short and diseased life, or potential for a super-intelligent super-being with a long and healthy life. This triggers puzzling questions - was the reduction to the basic code done by sloppy programmers in a rush (as it appears to us), or was the disabling of the big code purposeful act which can be cancelled by a "remote control" whenever desired?"
Soon or later, we have to come to grips with the unbelievable notion that every life on Earth carries genetic code for his extraterrestrial cousin and that evolution is not what we think it is. This discovery may well shake the very roots of humanity - our beliefs in our concept of God and in our own power over our destiny. With the right paradigm, we may discover one day that all forms of life and the whole Universe is just one huge intellectual exercise in thoughts expressed mathematically, by Design, by Creator.
2010年5月21日 星期五
心定不下來,胡思亂想怎麼辦?
>,自己和自己心里说话。怎样摆脱这个毛病?
這原因有二
1、欲未滿足
因為「安心前提」並沒有處置好,所以就會反覆的想相關事件。例如一件工作沒做完,又是必須完成的項目,於是就會有閒無閒者掛在心上想著。至工作完成之後,就不再想它。
要不再胡思亂想,先找出掛心的是什麼事?先把它處置掉。
2、淨習未養成
雖然可能不再有第一項的狀況,但自己會再去找來新的事讓自己掛心,例如我有願望未完成,或我父母要我養、妻子要我養、我單位需要我、我還有事情沒處理完畢......。
有智慧的人,可以明辨善惡事而都無欲。且有能力分辨這是善、這是惡,而揚善止惡。所以,該做的就去做,不該做的就不要做,而做的時候,盡力而為,若做不好,或事情不能完成,也不必有遺憾。
須知,無論吾人做或不做、怎麼做,所有的一切都是在變滅中!
所以,把一個好的習慣養成,就「不會再驅使您去胡思亂想」。如同愛抽煙的人,若沒煙抽就很難過,而無抽煙習慣的人,為何他不難過呢?全部就只是一個習慣而已!